To evaluate the role of TGF signalling in high glucose-induced PSC activation, we treated cells in the low-glucose group with 5 ng/mL TGF1 and cells in the high-glucose group with 10 M of the TGF pathway inhibitor SB431542
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Cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) according to the manufacturers instructions, with absorbance measured at 450 nm